The Chaplaincy Services Branch ensures the Constitutional religious rights of inmates. Chaplains facilitate religious worship and sacred scriptural studies across faith lines in addition to providing pastoral care, spiritual guidance, and counseling. Religious programming is led by agency chaplains, contracted spiritual leaders, and trained community volunteers. In support of the BOP policy, inmates may participate in religious observances and holy days; wear religious items, and have access to religious materials.

The Life Connections Program (LCP) and Threshold Programs offer inmates the opportunity to improve critical life areas within the context of their personal faith or value system. LCP is a multi-faith residential reentry program that is available at five sites across the country at low, medium, and high-security levels. It is an intensive, multi-phase program that instills values and character through a curriculum of personal, social, and moral development. The LCP program utilizes various faith communities nationwide who serve as support group facilitators or mentors at program sites and release destinations to enhance community reintegration. Reentry preparation for inmates not eligible for the residential LCP is also offered through the Threshold program which also seeks to strengthen inmate community reentry. The threshold is a non-residential condensed version of LCP that is active in institutions throughout the agency.